55555 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

55555 - Assignment Example The articulation furnishes a virtual picture with which any peruser can relate with an end goal to increase better comprehension of the characteristics that apply to Okonkwo (Achebe VII). The Ibo words utilized in by Chinua Achebe in his actually work give a stage to viable exploration. Because of the newness of the words, there is requirement for me to look into their implications across important stages. Over the span of investigating on the words, as a peruser, I am ready to pick up exactness in my order of language and have the option to comprehend the arrangements or the substance in the perusing. As I referenced before, the utilization of pictures prompts enthusiasm to me as the peruser. The capacity to relate the printed substance of the perusing and the pictorial articulation of a similar make perusing simpler and basically useful. AS a peruser, my point is to have the option to relate or set up an association with the truly work. For such an association with win, a profound comprehension of the readings is obligatory. The pictures strengthen what I have perused and allow me to see whatever is being clarified recorded as a hard copy. For example, when Chinua Achebe Talks of The Nok Civilization in Nigeria, it probably won't be conceivable to set up a psychological visual of the equivalent if a significant picture is excluded. Be that as it may, the mix of the model that shows the Nok Civilization evokes enthusiasm for perusing increasingly about the current issue accordingly promising compelling perusing which is basic for any peruser who needs to see each part of indicated readings. From my investigation of the of Chinua Achebe’s work, expression is a key and profoundly striking segment of his composition. This is a key determinant of the prevailing tone all through the composition. Word usage makes the tone of the Achebe’s composing natural to the intended interest group. My printed investigation of the work is primarily founded on

Rainman Essay -- essays research papers

Barry Levinson presents to us a Raymond, moving character in the film Raymond Babbitt. Raymond is a developed man that is Autistic. Raymond might be grown up yet he comes up short on certain amiable abilities, making correspondence exceptionally troublesome. He makes some hard memories comprehension and answer questions. In view of Raymond’s handicap he can't advance into a renewed individual. Raymond’s constraints give the film limits. Levinson utilizes the possibility of not permitting this character to change to influence different characters in this story. The character that is most influenced is Raymond’s sibling, Charlie. Toward the start Charlie is baffled and short on money, his dad has kicked the bucket and Charlie got no legacy, his dad had left everything to Charlie’s obscure sibling, Raymond. When Charlie initially meets Raymond he thinks it is a major joke, the way Raymond acts. Albeit, everything he can assume about is the reason nobody at an y point disclosed to him that he had a sibling. Charlie makes it out to appear as though he truly needs to take Raymond in with him and deal with him, now Charlie is taking Raymond from the foundation where he is being dealt with in order to trade Raymond back for part of his legacy. At the point when he is cannot, Charlie escapes with Raymond starting a crosscountry venture that would change Charlie totally. The start of the film shows Charlie as a cash persuaded fellow. He was uniquely in it for the fast buck, you before long discover that his business is enduring and is having numerous issues. T...

Preparing For Your College Essay With AP Psychology Appic

Preparing For Your College Essay With AP Psychology AppicSchool Psychology Appic essay samples are one of the most widely used resources in college and university admissions and your high school counselor will be happy to give you several to choose from. Preparing an AP essay requires lots of thinking and writing, and there are few shortcuts and tips to help get you started. These general guidelines can help you focus on what you need to do and provide some ideas to get you started.Your teacher or guidance counselor will have some good tips about planning your essay. They can also be a great source of advice when it comes to choosing AP Psychology Appic essay samples to use. The professors will be able to show you which ones are the most effective and how to use them properly. They also know where to get the most useful resources.Most schools and colleges offer books that cover college-level writing or classes such as school psychology appic, English composition, and other course wri ting classes. These books can come in handy when trying to get the best AP college essay samples out there. Having a few books to choose from will help you focus on topics you are most interested in and will provide you with great reference material for your essays.The same applies to the guidance counselor at your high school. Since this person is responsible for many aspects of your education, he or she should have a good idea of what is available at your school, including what AP college essay samples are the most effective for your specific needs. This can provide some great ideas on how to prepare your AP college application.One thing they may be able to do for you is make recommendations on what kind of essay you should be preparing. They will have a good idea of which type of essay is best for you and can give you some specific examples to try. They can also give you advice on how to structure your essay and what to avoid. They will know exactly what to do to make sure you ar e able to get the top grades you need.If you feel as though you don't know where to start when it comes to preparing for your college application, the counselors and teachers will be able to provide some suggestions. Some of these are more general. For example, they can point you in the direction of resources that can help you write your college application essay. In many cases, they can also give you tips on how to write a convincing essay for college.To get the highest grades possible, you will want to spend some time each day working on your college application. You will not have time to study for exams and tests during the summer. Preparing your college application will not only help you to avoid having any trouble getting into college, but it will also prepare you for the challenging class that is your college application. You will be ready for your freshman year.The professionals at the school or college you are applying to should also provide you with a list of high quality A P essay samples. Many times, the school counselor can give you some suggestions on these items as well. You will want to find a few examples that you can use for your school psychology appic essay samples.

Nsa Surveillance - 1025 Words

Sharath Thomas Professor Hugetz ENGL 1301.08 05 April 2016 NSA Surveillance - Constitutional or Unconstitutional The US Constitution came to life 230 years ago, but recent actions of the National Security Agency is interpreted to be defying the Bill of Rights by the government and depriving the citizens their constitutional right to privacy. However, when posed with the question: Do people want to live in a surveillanced environment like animals in a zoo, with justice and safety ensured but privacy denied completely ? , the answers vary in the community. The revelation of the National Security Agencys massive†¦show more content†¦9). Judge Pauley, while ruling over the Smith v. Maryland case in the Supreme Court stated: a person has no legitimate expectation of privacy in information he voluntarily turns over to third parties(USAToday par. 2-3). Many other citizens believe that the NSAs actions are unconstitutional. These actions are considered to be a political stunt for hiding all of military business from the public while the go vernment has its open eye on the citizens. Some worry that though the surveillance plan sounds good, persons and companies highly misuse the metadata for their own use. Another dilemma this surveillance poses is the fact that, the government has information about all private transactions and bank records and cards of its citizens. The NSA intrudes into the private lives of the citizens, which in turn takes away the freedom and control the citizens have under the Fourth Amendment of the constitutional rights. The civilians believe that the government is bullying them by prying into their privacy. Mr. Jim Bradford, author of The Body of Secrets claims that NSA and government together bend the Fourth Amendment: Created a structure to allow the government to do this kind of eavesdropping legally(Michele par. 13). To conclude, many people have the stand that Constitutional rights should not be sacrificed for any reason. While others say, NSA surveillance should not beShow MoreRelatedNSA and DHS Surveillance Programs Essay1976 Words   |  8 PagesPrivacy Act wiretapping regulation that protects e-mail, pagers and cell phones (Harris, 2001). Video surveillance goes back as early as 1965 with closed circuit television monitoring. In 1969, police cameras were installed in the New York City Municipal Building near City Hall. The practice soon spread to other cities, with closed circuit television (CCTV) systems. In these early years of video surveillance, analog technology, using taped video cassette recordings, allowed recorded data to be stored andRead MoreNSA Surveillance: Does It Violate the Fourth Ammendment1013 Words   |  4 Pages Does NSA’s secret surveillance program violates fourth amendment? Can people abuse it? A few months ago, Edward Snowden leaked confidential information about a NSA surveillance program known as PRISM. NSA agents have been recording and listening to our phone calls, reading our text messages and emails, and archiving our activities. There has been controversy about whether it is a violation of our privacy right. There has been a lot of talk about abuse of this program. JournalistsRead MoreNo Place At Hide : Edward Snowden, The Nsa, And The U.s. Surveillance State987 Words   |  4 Pages I read No Place To Hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. Surveillance State by Glenn Greenwald. The book takes a first-person look into the NSA scandal and Edward Snowden from one of the journalists who met with Snowden to release classified U.S. documents. The book serves a purpose that is to justify the release of classified documents by Mr. Snowden as well as to cut through the misconceptions that surrounded the scandal from someone who had seen the truth first h and. The book centersRead MoreNsa s Surveillance On U.s. Spy Programme1250 Words   |  5 PagesThe NSA is an agency that started surveillance on U.S. citizens and people around the world after 9/11 occurred to ensure the nation’s security. The goal of the NSA is to ultimately protect citizens of the U.S. and to keep a massive terrorist event from occurring in the country again. The NSA collected numerous amounts of data on people to find any type of threat that could lead to the distress of the country, but citizens were not aware of this surveillance. The NSA’s secret was eventually exposedRead MoreDomestic Surveillance And Coalition With The Nsa769 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic Surveillance in Coalition with the NSA Rand Paul, of the Wall Street Journal states, â€Å"How many records did the NSA seize from Verizon† (Paul)? Verizon is an enormous phone company that covers more than 308 million people. All of the phone information secured in the Verizon Company, is now being monitored and viewed by the US Government, which was initially kept secret from the people, under code name PRISM (Greenwald). The information under this code name was then leaked by a former NSA workerRead MoreU.s. Nsa Program On Surveillance1789 Words   |  8 Pagesinstallations. According to James Clapper (the Director of National Intelligence) these threats have become so severe. It is surpassing terrorism as the greatest challenge facing the nation. In response, the National Security Agency (NSA) began conducting surveillance on those who are involved in these activities and others which are threat to US national security interests. This program became so broad; it started continually collecting phone records and emails on ordinary Americans. This angeredRead MoreThe Nsa s Surveillance Program2145 Words   |  9 Pageswas the revelation of the NSA’s surveillance program, PRISM. On June 5th, 2013, Edward Snowden leaked documents that revealed the National Security Agency’s surveillance program. The documents revealed that the NSA was tracking information from nine major Internet companies, including Facebook, Google, Yahoo, Microsoft and Apple. PRISM could collect about 600 million communications a day and store them for up to 30 days. Through the use of various methods, the NSA was able to intercept communicationsRead MoreThe NSA Surveillance Constitutionality: Edward Snowden974 Words   |  4 PagesJune 6, 2013 the details of the National Security Agency’s (NSA) surveillance activities where given by Edward Snowden to the public; raising concerns of Americans about their privacy. Edward Snowden, a former employee of the NSA, gave the alarming details of surveillance programs in his interview on how the NSA accesses our emails, calls, internet activity, and anything else that is related to technology. In this system of surveillance the NSA can gather data from companies and tap the cables that areRead MoreNsa s Surveillance Program : A Violation Of The 4th Amendment1585 Words   |  7 PagesArturs Kazijevs PLSC 1320 4/14/2014 The NSA’s Surveillance Program: A Violation of the 4th Amendment Edward Snowden’s disclosures have brought to light many secret government actions that were previously unknown. One of the most controversial government programs that Snowden disclosed was how the National Security Agency (NSA) collected virtually every phone record for calls made in the United States between US citizens. It makes sense to monitor phone calls to or from callers located outsideRead MoreThe Security Agency Nsa ( Nsa )1347 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the National Security Agency (NSA) was â€Å"spying† on United States citizens, and that communication in the U.S. was not private. Edward Snowden, formerly worked as a technical contractor for the NSA at the time, gave the media the information for the story. At the time of the release of the story, Snowden was in Hong Kong. This trip was a deliberately planned in order to keep himself from being immediately incarcerated in the United States. The NSA’s surveillance efforts were increased after the

Charlottes Web Quotes

First published on October 15, 1952, Charlottes Web is a popular childrens book written by acclaimed American author E.B. White and illustrated by Garth Williams that deals with themes of the nature of friendship, loss, fate, acceptance, and renewal. The story centers on a pig named Wilbur and the unlikely but deep friendship he shares with an uncommonly  talented spider named Charlotte. Dodging Destiny While its normal in the course of events on a farm for pigs to be slaughtered when they reach a certain size and age, cunning Charlotte hatches a scheme to keep Wilbur from his fate by weaving words into her web to create what amounts to a one-pig publicity campaign. By elevating Wilbur to celebrity status, Charlotte ultimately saves him from his date with the butchers knife. The ending of the Charlottes Web is bittersweet, however, because while Wilbur survives, Charlotte does not. But even Charlottes passing is a lesson—for Wilbur and those reading his story—about the nature of death and renewal. The Circle of Life Death and destiny are both themes that the book explores. While Charlotte is willing to help Wilbur dodge a destiny thats being imposed on him by outside forces beyond his control, she also understands that some fates are inevitable: All living creatures are born, have a life cycle, and die. Charlotte accepts her role in this natural circle without remorse. Charlotte helps Wilbur realize that immortality is not about living forever, but rather, ensuring that new generations will follow. She also helps him understand that love and friendship are not finite in quantity. While we may lose a friend, new friendships can come along, not as replacements for what weve lost, but as blessings to build on what weve learned. Quotes From Charlottes Web Wilbur didnt know what to do or which way to run. It seemed as though everybody was after him. If this is what its like to be free, he thought, I believe Id rather be penned up in my own yard. Wilbur didnt want food, he wanted love. I am a glutton but not a merrymaker. [W]hen your stomach is empty and your mind is full, its always hard to sleep. Its true, and I have to say whats true. Well, he thought, Ive got a new friend, all right. But what a gamble friendship is! Charlotte is fierce, brutal, scheming, bloodthirsty—everything I dont like. How can I learn to like her, even though she is pretty and, of course, clever? A rat is a rat. Theres a regular conspiracy around here to kill you at Christmastime. If I can fool a bug... I can surely fool a man. People are not as smart as bugs. It seems to me youre a little off. It seems to me we have no ordinary spider. But nobody pointed out that the web itself is a miracle. I dont understand it, and I dont like what I dont understand. It is quite possible that an animal has spoken to me and that I didnt catch the remark because I wasnt paying attention. No one was with her when she died. She was in a class by herself. It is not often that someone comes along who is a true friend and a good writer. Charlotte was both.

management style essay - 973 Words

Management Style Paper Kerri Love HCS/325 August 26, 2014 Jennie Anderson Management Style Paper Many people believe they can either be a good or great manager. The actual reality to this is some people are actually not fit to be a manager either because they do not know what to do or because they do not know how to handle themselves. Throughout this paper, management styles will be discussed, and the qualities of a good manager. Management Management is usually the people that hold the business together. Whether it is making schedules, making sure the books are right or even helping out when needed, management is an important aspect of every business. According to Web Finance (2014), â€Å"Management is the organization†¦show more content†¦References Hogan, M. (2014, June 16). 6 qualities of bad managers that send employees running. Retrieved from http://www.ragan.com/Main/Articles/6_qualities_of_bad_managers_that_send_employees_ru_48433.aspx Mind Tools. (2014). How Good Are Your Management Skills. Retrieved from http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMM_28.htm Morgan, J. (2013, July 23). 5 Must-Have Qualities of the Modern Manager. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2013/07/23/5-must-have-qualities-of-the-modern-manager/ Web Finance, Inc. (2014). Management. Retrieved from http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/management.html Grading Criteria Management Style Essay This assignment is due in Week One. Content 60 Percent Points Available 3 Points Earned X/3 Additional Comments: Student successfully completes a management quiz from the internet. Student creates an essay that may use the following questions. What do you define as management? What are good qualities of a manager? What are poor qualities of a manager? Do the qualities change based on different situations (social environment, work environment, or home environment)? Do you agree with the results of your management quiz? Discuss. Organization/Development 20 Percent Points Available 1 Points Earned X/1 Additional Comments: The paper is 350 to 700 words in length. The introduction provides sufficientShow MoreRelated The Management Style at Cadbury Essay1083 Words   |  5 PagesA description of the management style used at Cadbury There are three main management styles that a business can have these are:  · Democratic  · Consultative  · Autocratic  · Laissez-faire Cadbury’s management style is democratic. This is when all members of staff work together as a team. The managers listen to the other employees ideas and suggestions before they go ahead with decisions. If ideas are found to be achievable and successful by the senior group, then it is taken forwardRead MoreManagement Styles in the Workplace Essay1266 Words   |  6 PagesTitle: Management Styles in the Workplace Purpose Statement: My purpose today is to inform you on four different management styles in the workplace. Thesis Statement: It is important for managers to understand their management style when certain situations arise in the work place, by knowing your management style you will become a better leader. Introduction: Have you ever been told, â€Å"Do it this way or don’t do it at all?† if so do you know what type of leadership or management style this. WellRead MoreEssay on The Different Types of Management Styles4740 Words   |  19 PagesThe Different Types of Management Styles by Brick Jackson There are several different types of management styles when it comes to managing in the workplace and choosing the right type of style to lead with could have a big impact in terms of how your staff produces for you. But knowing the four different leadership styles in management does not mean that you can simply pick one and then that is going to work because you are then in essence trying to fit a square peg into a round hole. In mostRead MoreManagement Style Essays660 Words   |  3 PagesManagement Style Essay Joyce Davis HCS/325 3/23/2015 Management Style Essay Introduction Today’s paper is about management styles. I will discuss things; such as what management is and what are the good and poor qualities of managers. In addition; do these conditions change based on the social environment, work environment or home environment? Last, I will discuss the results of my management quiz. This part of the discussion will focus on whether or not I agree or disagree withRead MoreEssay Management Styles1139 Words   |  5 PagesYolanda D. Jones Colorado Technical University Management Styles There are some traits which constitute a good manager, however being a good manager is not necessary based on education, experience, or skills, but more tangible personal attributes that would make an individual a successful manager. First, and most possibly foremost, is the blended attribute of leader and manager. The ability to be an effective manager and enable individuals under their leadership to be productive, a managerRead More conflict management styles Essay559 Words   |  3 PagesConflict Management Styles nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;How many people have conflicts with there parents? This is not a uncommon thing for young adults to show conflict with their parents. Conflicts are something that occur very often and it seems as though young adults have lots of conflicts with their parents. Some young adults feel as though, if they are eighteen, nineteen, or twenty that they are able to make their own decisions. Whether it be staying out pastRead MoreEssay on Conflict Management Styles946 Words   |  4 PagesConflict Management Styles Conflict occurs in organizations whenever a difference of opinions exists. People disagree over many things including but not limited to, policies and procedures, the overall direction of the company, and distribution of rewards. This type of conflict is substantive conflict, as described in our reading text organizational behavior as a, fundamental disagreement over ends or goals to be pursued. The second type of conflict is emotional conflict; which involves, interpersonalRead MoreEssay on Conflict Management Styles 1166 Words   |  5 PagesConflict is known to be inseparable in all human interactions. In any organization, role differentiation acquires the different uses of conflict handling styles. Work direction, reward, supervision, discipline and performance review also involve the use of conflict handling styles. Organizational change and control is also viewed from a conflict perspective. In attempts to explain the nature or dynamics of a particular organizational phenomen on, conflict may be incorporated as a causal factor (BrownRead MoreThe Different Styles of Management Essay1005 Words   |  5 Pagesto look into three different styles of management and find real life examples of companies or individuals who have or are currently using such styles of management. To begin we will take a look into the use of an autocratic style of management versus a participative. In this portion we will look into Leona Helmsley and her chain of hotels. Once this potion is completed, our next section will be looking into a centralized style of management versus a decentralized style. In this section of the researchRead More Improving Management Styles Essay1056 Words   |  5 Pages Improving Management Styles and Their Function nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the article When the Problem is Management, author Lawrence Sawyer takes a look at the different styles that managers have in their practice, how they can better perform their functions and how they relate to the four basic functions of management. As an internal auditor, Mr. Sawyer provides some insight to these managers in helping them and their departments make better use of the tools they have and points out what

Business Research Marketing Methodology

Question: Discuss about the Business Research Marketing Methodology. Answer: Introduction With the help of the article STAY AWAY FROM ME, the research work will contribute significant findings on consumer impact on personalized media avoidance in the context of personalized advertising media. There is a key significance of consumer behavior over different kinds of marketing communication using elicit avoidance has been curtails whether it is through blocking online advertisements or through filtering e-mails. The role of advertisement contributes one of the most effective measures, which affects the buying decisions of the customers. In the era of globalization, personalized advertising avoidance has not only emerged as an important focus but also has resulted in providing strategic ways to resist the understanding of dynamics by the consumers on preclusion of personalized advertising. In order to proceed with the findings there are some key variables in marketing, helping to evaluate the reliability as well as the validity of the research, which includes the application of various kinds of research instruments. The analyst in this particular investigation procedure focused more towards examining the determinate of consumer avoidance of personalized advertisements. Background of the Article The article focuses on evaluating key factors that influence personalized advertising avoidance. The overview of the article is to cover all the key aspects, which will conclude the importance of advertisement in modern marketing (McGoldrick and Liu 2016). It allows developing a proper communication channel between the buyers and the sellers. On the other hand, the study is to examine the avoidance of personalized advertisement that goes through avoidance that is through unsolicited commercial emails and direct mail that are sent to customers without customers permission (Solomon 2014). As a result, being subset of consumer based, the information is promotional and gives weight to commercial messages that are customized based on individual customer preferences (Federal Trade Commission 2009a). Personalization in marketing is no longer an unusual thing. With the application of consumer information, the unsolicited personalized media messages are sent through locations to a subset of consumer groups and is often applicable to promotions using mobile phones. The classifications of the study, is classified into three segments, which will focus on advisement, promotion, and marketing and what are its impacts on the customers. In modern marketing, the role of advertisement as well as the role of promotion contributes as one of the significant aspects in the overall proceedings of organizing a business (Guy and Patton 2013). Critical review of the Article The first section of the any research paper contains the introductory part, which mainly focuses about the backgrounds of the overall research process. The background of the study will focus on personalization in marketing and advertising, which is evaluated using research hypothesis, structural model and factors related consumer avoidance of personalized advertising. The introductory part of the article covers all the important aspects, which mainly focuses in the development of three important hypotheses. The first hypothesis concludes Personalized advertising skepticism will be positively related to personalized ad avoidance. The second hypothesis deals with Perceived privacy concerns will be positively related to personalized advertising skepticism. The final hypotheses of the article STAY AWAY FROM ME concludes Perceived privacy concerns will be positively related to personalized ad avoidance. After completing an effective research process, on the selected article, the analyst has performed a remarkable job while preparing the introductory part of the article. The most important part is the literature review, which is followed by the data analysis procedures. The literature review of the article is supported with real facts and findings based on some supportive theories like personalized marketing, promotion, and advertising. In order to organize a proper as well as a well-structured literature review there must be a combination of both modern theories as well as existing theories. Based on the theories, the researcher has developed a relevant research hypothesis by following advertisement avoidance, Skepticism toward Advertising, Perceived Privacy Concerns, and Perceived Ad Irritation, which reflects the literature review of the article. The provided literature has been reviewed through different journals, which has resulted in mixed responses by the different authors while broadening the scope of the study and studying different attributes of the research in avoidance of personalized advertisement media. The analyst has supported the overall literature review based on existing theories. It would have been better, if the researcher had collected information based on some new journals and articles, which would have been provided the readers some idea about modern theories based on the related research topic. Towards magnifying the knowledge about the topic, writing a literature review lets both the researchers as well as the readers to demonstrate skills in the two perceived areas, which includes information seeking and critical appraisal. With the idea of information seeking, the analyst in the study was able to scan the related theories by using both manual as well as computerized yet statistical methods in the process of identification and recommendations made on the relevant articles and books. On the other hand, the notion of the critical appraisal allowed the researcher to apply principles towards identifying unbiased and valid studies. Analysis of the research methodology The analyst in the study has taken up statistical technique like maximum likelihood method and chi square as methods to carry out the structural path in the research. The findings and analysis of the research paper is supported with the execution of both primary data as well as the secondary data. The most significant part is to evaluate the theoretical framework and the research hypothesis. Abundant research has demonstrated the trend of resistance to persuasion and the psychological mechanisms by which it works. The most significant parts in the analysis procedure are selecting the right data analysis as well as data collection procedure. The analyst in the overall proceeding used an online survey based questionnaire using Likert scale. All the participants were selected randomly in order to distribute the questionnaire link. However, the analyst has only focused in the process of quantitative data analysis. The research as well as the findings would have been better if the analyst in the study followed the application of both the quantitative as well as qualitative data analysis. Qualitative data analysis procedure would have contributed certain important factors in the overall analysis procedure. Mainly the quantitative analysis procedure addresses all the key issues of the customers. On the other hand, the role of the qualitative analysis procedure addresses the business models of managers of different companies. The targeted audiences were the students from different universities in United States. If the analyst had developed a proper survey by including other sample set such as corporate officials, the research proceedings would be able to support the facts and findings of the business models. However, time was one of the most crucial factors in the overall research proceedings. The analyst was not able to manage a proper time schedule in the overall investigation process. There was a need for a proper time schedule, which would have been maintained a proper period in the research proceedings. The other two factors are the reliability as well as the valid ity, which will indicate certain flaws of the analysis procedures. Reliability and validity are the two important components in the overall research proceedings (Cooper and Jackson, 2013). Analysis of the Data findings The most important part in the research is the evolution of the data analysis procedure and the appropriate methods in order to evaluate all the plans and procedure of the analysis procedure. The overall study attempts to identify the potential determinants, which avoids the context of personalized advertisement media, which includes the application commercial emails, postal direct mail telemarketing and text message service. The data analysis part of any research paper consists of a combination of both primary data analysis as well as secondary data. Based on the objectives as well as requirements of the research, the analyst decides the mode of data collection and analysis procedure. In order to evaluate this particular article STAY AWAY FROM ME, the researcher determines to use the idea of probability method of sampling with the view of randomly analyzing the collected data. The analyst has used the idea of self-administrated survey (N= 442), for testing proposed model with the view of structural equation modeling analysis. With the view of evaluating three important determinants perceived personalization, privacy concerns and ad irritation, the findings of the overall analysis procedure conclude the relationship between ad avoidance and its three important determinants. It is important to investigate the methods for the right analysis procedure that will focus on the objectives of the analysis. The analyst used Chi Square hypothesis-testing model with the view of analyzing the data in the required manner. With the view of testing the significance of the collected data, the analyst in the data used the idea of the Chi Square hypothesis-testing model. However, there are certain limitations of the collected data. The analyst with the view of organizing an effective research work has only targeted students from different colleges and from different universities. This is one of the major limitations of this research. It would have been better if the analyst in the study would diversify the findings by focusing with the views of different managers of different organizations. It would have provided better findings based on real facts and experiences, which would provide the overview of the research with better future scope. Acknowledging the importance of personalization in reducing the advertisement avoidance, one fruitful channel for a future investigation procedure is to examin e whether the proposed model could be applied in the social media environment or not which includes Facebook, twitter and You Tube (McGoldrick and Liu 2016). The final chapter of the analysis procedure is the conclusion and the recommendation part. The study aimed to map out the conceptual model of customers tendency with the view of avoidance of personalized advertising based on modern modes of communication, which includes commercial emails, text messaging and telemarketing. It can be concluded that the overall research process has a good validity and reliability as the analyst has provided 100% effect in order to meet the requirements of the research. The reliability of the research work is good; however, there are certain barriers about the future prospects of the research as all the collected data is much biased in nature. The reason behind this particular biasness is the targeted audience represents a group of students from different schools, colleges and universities. On the other hand, the overall prospects of the research have a good validity as it determine all the factors of modern mode of communication. Proper recommendations are provided with the use of different kinds of findings and analysis. However, a different researcher tries its level best to organize a proper research work, which will fulfill the overall objectives. Cost is one of the major concerns towards organizing a proper research work. The overall procedure developed by the researchers is good which keeps the cost minimum and magnifies the objectives of the overall research proceedings. Conclusion The article, which is taken into account, is STAY AWAY FROM ME, highlights all the effective measures, which need to be analyzed in the process of developing an overall analysis of the findings of the articles. Bases on the normal research structure, the review part are classified into five segments. The researcher has used chi square to test the findings but was not able to analyze the findings based on qualitative efficiency. Overall, the research lacked control in the variables in conjunction to privacy concerns. After identifying the changes in the research process on promotion and advertisement, the analyst in the study concluded and suggested some of the effective measures to improve and to increase the future prospects of the research. Nevertheless, the analyst was able to support the research work with effective facts and examples in order to evaluate the objectives of the research in a significant manner. Reference List Cooper, P.D. and Jackson, R.W., 2013. Applying a services marketing orientation to the industrial services sector.Journal of Services Marketing. Federal Trade Commission 2009a, The CAN-SPAM Act: A Compliance Guide for Business, available at https://business .ftc.gov/documents/bus61-can-spam-act-compliance-guidebusiness/ (accessed January 11, 2011). Guy, B.S. and Patton, W.E., 2013. The marketing of altruistic causes: understanding why people help.Journal of Consumer Marketing. McGoldrick, P. and Liu, C.L., 2016, May. Application of mixed methods by consumer marketing practitioners: lessons for the academy?. InAcademy of Marketing Science Annual Conference. McGoldrick, P. and Liu, C.L., 2016, May. Application of mixed methods by consumer marketing practitioners: lessons for the academy?. InAcademy of Marketing Science Annual Conference. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: prentice Hall.

Preparation of Synthetic Banana Oil free essay sample

The main purpose of this experiment was to synthesize banana oil (isopentyl acetate. ) Ester are often prepared by the Fischer esterification method, which involves heating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst. Theory: Synthesize isopentyl acetate by combining isopentyl alcohol with acetic acid and sulfuric acid and then heating the reaction mixture under reflux for an hour. The alcohol is the limiting reactant, so it should be weighed/ the acids can be measured by volume. The esterification reaction is reversible, and it has an equilibrium constant of approximately 4. 2. A pure component can be obtained from a mixture by separating it from all other components of the mixture, using procedures that take advantage of differences in solubility, boiling points, acid-base properties, and other characteristics of the components. Because isopentyl acetate is a liquid, the separation and purification operations will differ from those used previously for solid products. We will write a custom essay sample on Preparation of Synthetic Banana Oil or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The water that forms during the reaction will be separated from the ester along with the wash liquids. Any traces of water that remain are then removed by a drying agent, either magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate. Because isopentyl alcohol has a lower boiling point than that of isopentyl acetate, and the by-products have higher boiling points, it should be possible- in principle- to remove the alcohol and by-products from the ester by distillation. Isopentyl alcohol should distill first, followed by the ester, and any by-products should remain behind in the pot-the vessel in which the reaction mixture is boiled. Reaction: Reaction: Acetic acid + isopentyl alcohol isopentyl acetate + water 17 mL150 mmol Weigh 150 mmol of isopentyl alcohol into a round bottom flask of appropriate size, and add boiling chips. Under a hood, add 17 mL of glacial acetic acid, and then carefully mix in 1. 0 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid while stirring. Connect a West condenser to the reaction flask, turn on the cooling water, start the stirrer, and heat the reaction mixture under reflux for one hour after boiling begins. Reflux apparatus When the reaction time is up, allow the reaction mixture to cool to about room temperature. Turn off the cooling water and remove the reflux condenser. Transfer the reaction mixture to a separatory funnel. Leaving the boiling chips behind, and washes the mixture with 50 mL of water. Drain the aqueous layer, and leave the organic layer in the separatory funnel. Then carefully wash the organic layer with two successive portion of 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate, draining the aqueous layer after each washing. During the first washing, stir the layers until gas evolution subsides before you stopper the separatory funnel, and vent it frequently thereafter. Dry the crude isopentyl acetate with anhydrous magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate, and filter I by gravity. Using standard-taper glassware, assemble an apparatus for standard scale simple distillation. Be sure the thermometer is straight up as shown in the picture below. Distill the crude product, collecting any liquid that distills between 137oC and 143oC. Record the actual boiling range. Wait until the entire thermometer bulb is moist with condensing vapors, liquid is distilling into the receiver, and the temperature is stable. The final weight obtained of the product is 4. 28 g because the reactant, both have one to one mole, and the percentage yield of the product is 32. 4%. Discussion/Conlusion: Isopentyl acetate was achieved through the method implemented in this experiment. With the use of isopentyl alcohol and acetic acid under the reaction method help to obtain the predicted product. One one this experiment could be developed is to specific precise amount of each compound need to be used in the reaction in order to obtain a better yield of the product. Procedure required circumspect handling while synthesizing, the sources of the errors that caused the discrepancy may have been from washing and drying the product. A few part of the organic layer might have been removed in the process of removing the aqueous layer, water and sodium bicarbonate. Too much anhydrous sodium sulfate might have been added because the procedure was not specific as to what quantity should be added. Exercise

Compare and Contrast Two Approaches to Counselling Essays

Compare and Contrast Two Approaches to Counselling Essays Compare and Contrast Two Approaches to Counselling Essay Compare and Contrast Two Approaches to Counselling Essay Personality can be defined as a dynamic and organised set of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences his or her cognitions, emotions, motivations, and behaviours in various situations. It refers to the patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviours consistently exhibited by an individual over time that strongly influence our expectations, self-perceptions, values and attitudes, and predicts our reactions to people, problems and stress. The study of personality therefore has a broad and varied history in psychology, with an abundance of theoretical traditions. Humanistic and Psychoanalytical theory can be seen as two main dispositional perspectives derived through the field of Psychology. Psychoanalytic theory explains human behaviour in terms of the interaction of various components of personality for example the id, ego, and super-ego and believes that personality is based on the dynamic interactions of these three components. In contrast to humanistic psychology it is emphasised that people have free will and that they play an active role in determining how they behave. Accordingly, humanistic theory focuses on subjective experiences of a person as opposed to forced, definitive factors that determine behaviour. With this fundamental difference in mind this essay will therefore compare and contrast psychoanalytical and humanistic traditions in terms of their application to counselling and psychotherapy, looking categorically at the shifts and changes within both traditions and therefore how both are used within today’s society. Psychoanalytic theory was an extremely influential force during the first half of the twentieth century. It focused on understanding of the unconscious motivations that drive behaviour. Psychoanalytic theory originated with the work of Sigmund Freud. Through his clinical work with patients suffering from mental illness (Freud and Breuer 1955 [1893-5]) Freud came to believe that childhood experiences and unconscious desires influenced behaviour. Based on his observations, he developed a theory that described development in terms of a series of psychosexual stages. According to Freud, conflicts that occur during each of these stages can have a lifelong influence on personality and behaviour and through free associations, dreams or fantasies; clients can learn how to interpret deeply buried unconscious memories or experiences that may be causing them distress. (Freud, 1924d) He believed that neurosis stemmed from early sexual traumas and therefore his ‘hysterical’ female patients had been subjected to pre-pubescent ‘seduction’- that is, in most cases, sexual abuse by the father, reprocessed memories of such assaults later surfaced, he concluded, in otherwise baffling hysterical symptoms. Freud spent a number of years developing this theory until 1896 when he finally went public with his findings. The next year however he confessed ‘I no longer believe in my ‘neurotica’- the seduction theory. By then Freud, deep in richly autobiographical dreams and self analysis, had convinced himself that his patients’ seduction stories were fantasies, originating not in the perverse deeds of the adults but in the erotic wishes of infants. The collapse of the seduction theory therefore brought about the idea of infantile sexuality and without the abandonment of the seduction theory, psychoanalysis as a theoretical stru cture built upon unconscious desires and there repossessions would not exist today. However to explain this decisive switch remains hotly contested in the world of counselling and psychotherapy. Orthodox Freudians, notable Freud’s disciple and biographer Ernest Jones, have cast it as the ‘Eureka-moment’ in which he saw the light. Some critics allege, by contrast, a loss of nerve, and hold that it was the abandonment of the seduction theory that was his error, perhaps even a ‘betrayal’ both of psycho-sexual truth and of his patients. If they had indeed been sexually abused, their stories were now discounted, as were those of future patients on the couch. However I personally believe the Freud’s seduction theory has a lot to account for, as there are many trauma related psychosis found in today’s society that are primarily related to rape and sexual abuse (Gerald, 1998). As already mentioned Freud’s work was both controversial and inspiring to many therefore his followers and competitors went on to expand upon his ideas to develop theories of their own. Much like Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson (also a psychoanalyst) believed that personality develops in a series of stages but with dissimilarity to Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages, Erikson’s theory describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan. Eriksons eight-stage theory of psychosocial development describes growth and change, focusing on social interaction and conflicts that arise during different stages of development and therefore was greatly influential to the humanistic movement (Erikson, 1997). Thus there are many threads and interconnection within these formulations of psychoanalytic thinking also known as Neo- Freudianism, which credit its roots in the work of Otto Rank and Karen Horne. It is their research amongst others that can now be categorised into three main modality of humanistic therapy; Gestalt, Transactional Analysis and Person Centred Theory. Humanistic therapy therefore began as a reaction to psychoanalytical theory and derives from ‘humanistic psychology’ a term which originally flagged up a concern about dehumanisation within the therapeutic relationship. The approach therefore claimed to be more humane, warmer and relational then psychoanalytical traditions. It was coined the ‘third wave’ movement (Maslow, 1962) and many humanistic pioneers believed that they were forming a revolutionary movement which overturned the orthodoxies of the past which dominated psychology at the time. It appeared in the USA in 1940s and 1950s becoming more defined at the Old Saybrook Conference of 1964 (Bugental, 1965) where many of the best know figures came together. They agreed that topics such as self-actualization, creativity and individuality were the central theme of this new approach and in 1961, the American Association for Humanistic Psychology was officially established. Humanist thinkers felt that psychoanalysis was preoccupied with psychology as a form of science, failing to take into consideration the role of personal choice. Alternatively, movements and waves could be seen as cultural and artistic and there is a strong link between humanistic therapy and creative expression. It was instead focused on each individuals potential and stressed the importance of growth and self-actualization. Therefore the fundamental belief of humanistic theory is that people are innately good and that psychological problems result from deviations from this natural tendency (Maslow, 1943).

PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF HEALTH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF HEALTH - Essay Example This is explained by the events preceding his maladaptive behavior. He is still morning his wife, who has recently passed on, and this situation leave him vulnerable to drugs and substance use. His social exclusion can aslo be explained by the fact that he has not worked for almost 30 years. As a result, he may have lost friends, especially due to his drinking problem. However, one of the main problems is that Jim lacks strong social bond. He is socially excluded; hence, he cannot share his emotional status with anyone. Due to post-traumatic stress disorder, Jim has become callous to social events and even forgotten about his personal grooming. Social exclusion has been associated with impaired self-regulation and cognition the victims become lonely, and can succumb to self-defeating behaviour (Taylor, 2007). This may include excessive drinking, become unhygiene, and even use illegal drugs. Social exclusion is conceptualized as lack of strong social bonds. The social ties are created with either one’s spouse, family members or friends. However, due to personality issues, a number of people do not have a large social capital or a circle of friends. Unlike most women who keep large circles of friends and strong relationships, men have less or no close friends (Taylor, 2007). women on the other hand use the established social bonds to express their negative emotions, hence may not experience health problems emanating from psychological triggers. Social exclusion, leads to feelings of isolation, loneliness, and estrangement. People are social being, and they thrive well in social interactions. If they cannot form strong social bonds, they are most likely to engage in self-defeating behavior such as excessive drinking. In Jim’s case, it is clear that he is experiencing social exclusion. However, Jim’s scenario can be understood by looking at the events that precede his current behavior. Death is a traumatizing event that can lead to depression and other

David Bowie and Performativity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

David Bowie and Performativity - Research Paper Example This paper aims to analyze a song by David Bowie using Butler’s theory of gender performance. The essay aims at developing an argument referring to David Bowie’s song titled â€Å"Rebel, Rebel† from his album Diamond Dogs. The argument is going to be based on how the song represents gender, sexuality and identity. It is also going to analyze how Bowie challenges narratives of authentic identity. Bowie’s ways of troubling gender and sexuality as stable, readable, and expressive categories are also going to be addressed. According to Butler, gender is not based on a stable identity but an identity that is constitutively created through time and molded through repetition (Leonard 134). This repetition of deeds has a set of meanings that are already established in society. Gender reality is a product of performativity, which means that its degree of realness is measured by the extent of the performance. In this context, some acts are interpreted as an expression of gender identity. These acts can either conform to the expected cultural norms or contradict these norms. The song â€Å"Rebel, Rebel† by David Bowie is about a boy who went against his parent’s wishes and started wearing girl’s clothes and make up. Additionally, in the same album, there is a song titled â€Å"Walk on the Wild Side† about a transvestite. ... In all the live stage performances of this song, Bowie is dressed in outrageous feminine clothes. This aspect of staging artistic shows where the established distinction between genders was overlooked led to the emergence of Glam. Glam is a controversial stage performance and presentation of artistry that incorporates gender-bending techniques (Leonard 150). It also included the depiction of drag queens and personalities in different levels of conveying the underlying undertones in their performances. Bowie appearing in drag as Ziggy Stardust portrays this in the song. The song â€Å"Rebel, Rebel† conveys the notion that gender is not a static phenomenon as exhibited by the glam and drag modes of staging live artistic shows. The song tries to establish the fact that gender is a state that is achieved through change in behavioral mannerisms rather than a static set inbuilt qualities. According to Judith Butler, gender is an achievable state that is acquired through practice and repetition. Unlike common belief that a person is born into a specified and predetermined gender dictated by their biological sex, gender is perceived as a cultural dictate. This means that at one point in time, the human society decided to assign status to people. There was no other better way to do this than create a distinction between male and female roles. This spawned what is today referred to as gender. The society then designed roles that were assigned specific acts or behavior patterns that acted as a measure of gender. The song by Bowie seeks to depict gender as something that is not tangible but an idea that is held by people. Through repetition, as described by Butler, the notion of gender is realised through performativity. This is in the

Moscow Dynamo Football Essay Example for Free

Moscow Dynamo Football Essay Many people would argue that sport helps bring people together and helps overcome divisions of race, nationality, class and religion. The Soviets drew upon this ideal in 1984 when they called the Moscow games, the friendship games. As well as bringing people together, sport can just as easily raise political consciousness and force people apart. The collective passion for Barcelona F.C is interlocked with politics, as is the connection between sport and nationalism in Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Supporting this view, George Orwell comments on the visit of the Moscow Dynamo Football team to Britain in 1945, sport is an unfailing cause of ill-will andif such a visit has had any affect on Anglo-Soviet relations, it could only be to make them slightly worse than before. (Atyeo, 1979, P.372) Governments have been known to use major sporting events to try and divert the attention of the masses away from certain political and social problems that country might be encountering as well as trying to improve their national image. For example, in the nine months leading up to the Moscow Olympics, drunks, hooligans and dissidents were rounded up and headed out of Moscow to try to prevent any sort of dissent, which could mar their public relations. Certain groups use the prominence of sport, which has been increased in recent years thanks to sport becoming a global television spectacle, to make a political point. In most cases, the choice of sport to make the political point is arbitrary, as it is the prominence of the sport in the public eye which is the critical factor. The 1972 Munich Olympics saw the killing of 10 Israeli athletes by eight armed Palestinian gunman, and the 1968 Mexico Olympics saw a protest by the student movement about the cost of hosting the games, which was a huge financial burden on the poor country, result in the army opening fire on the demonstration, killing 260 and injuring 1,000. Although politics does not only cite sport when dissidents intervene. There are a number of groups and individuals that have used sport and its prominent position in the public eye to raise political consciousness about what may be happening in that country. For example, the 2003 cricket world cup saw the wearing of a black armband by two of Zimbabwes players in protest against the Mugabe regime. The two players, Henry Olonga, the first black man to play for his country, and Andy Flower, in most cricket fans opinion, Zimbabwes greatest ever player, were almost universally praised for their dignified statement about the human rights abuses in their homeland. Ian Chappell, former captain of Australias cricket team and one of the many who applaud Flower and Olonga for their brave stance commented that; you realise when you go through life that there are occasions when you have a louder voice. If theres something youre moved about, thats the time to speak out for those who do not have a louder voice. The World Cup also saw the boycott by England of their opening match in the competition against Zimbabwe, for which they first cited moral, political and security concerns, then changed it to concerns about player safety as the reason for boycotting the game. A decision they might have latter regretted as the points gained for winning that match would have taken them into the super-six stage of the competition and maybe further. Theyre many people who believe that England made the right decision in boycotting this match, but there are also people who did not. David Coltart, who believes that politics has no place in sport, puts forward some arguments for going ahead with the match. He comments, paradoxically, holding the matches in Zimbabwe opens up a tiny piece of democratic space for those fighting tyranny. He also notes if no further matches take place (in Zimbabwe), there will be no further reason for the regime to behave better. Kate Hoey, writing for Sky Sports online, who disagreed with Coltart, argues that the match shouldnt have been played because the message that will be sent out worldwide is that Zimbabwe is a normal functioning country, which is patently untrue. She feels sport and politics must unite against the Mugabe regime and thus the England team needed to pull out of the match to raise worldwide awareness about the human rights abuses dictator Mugabe is undergoing. This view coincides with Ian Chappells view about the need to speak out for those without a louder voice. It is not only the players who sometimes feel the need to tackle political issues, the broad fact is that sports bodies on occasion have to confront inter-state political issues. (Allison, 1983, P.33) This was no more evident when the International Olympic Committee (IOC) excluded South Africa from the Olympic movement, not because of governmental pressure, but because the social and economic system in South Africa does not allow sport to be practiced there in accordance with the IOCs own rules as laid down in the Olympic Charter. The Welsh Hockey associations decision to not send a team to Argentina in 1985 because of the ill feeling that could still have been left over after the Falklands War is another example of a sporting body taking into account political situations before making a decision. There are so many examples of sport being influenced by politics over the years and so much theoretical evidence linking the two to say sport can remain uninfluenced by politics and politicians. Whether or not sport should remain uninfluenced by politics is of much wider debate. Events in Zimbabwe have highlighted many peoples opinions that sport and everyone involved in it has a responsibility to make sure important political issues such as the Mugabe regime are not ignored and that something is done to try and resolve them. But whatever view you may have on whether it is right for sport to get involved with politics, it becomes apparent that sport and politics cannot be mutually isolated (Allison. 1983, P.29) however much the sports enthusiast would wish them to be. Bibliography Books  Allison,L. The Politics of Sport, (Manchester University Press, 1983)  Whannel, G. Blowing the Whistle: The Politics of Sport, (Pluto, 1986)  Houlihan, B. The Government and Politics of Sport, ( Routledge, 1991)  Lapchick, R, E. The Politics and Race of International Sport, (Greenwood Press, 1975)  Voy, R. Drugs, Sport and Politics, (Leisure Press, 1991)  Atyeo, D. Blood, Guts and Violence, (Paddington Press, 1979)

Unequal But Not Separate :: Essays Papers

Unequal But Not Separate Enemy fire whizzes by, hitting the walls around behind me. The spent shells are scattered at my feet. The smell of death and gunpowder tantalizes my nose. In the distance I can hear the chopper hovering. All I can do is pray that it reaches us in time. Enemy fire begins again. I am lost in the smoke and confusion. Then Private Jackson falls to the ground behind me. He has been hit. Now his life is entrusted to me. The chopper is now hovering across the field about 100 yards away. I tuck my gun away and reach down to grab him. I try to put him over my shoulder, but I can’t lift him. I start to drag him toward the chopper. I struggle for about 25 yards. The pilot is waving me on, motioning me to hurry. I don’t have the strength. I can’t go any farther. The chopper has to go, it can’t wait any longer. I am alone with Private Jackson looking up at me in disbelief, knowing it is my fault we will both be dead in a matter of minutes. The military, the nation an d Private Jackson all had trusted me to make it and I had failed. Trust. It is the bond that holds our great military together. When this trust is broken our nation, as a whole will suffer the consequences. A soldier must have complete faith that his fellow soldiers, both male and female, will do their job so that he can focus on his. But what happens when double standards are employed for female soldiers? Can one expect a male soldier to completely trust her ability to complete her tasks as a soldier? The soldier knows full well that his female comrade didn’t have to perform the necessary physical tasks to the same standards that he did. How can one have confidence in her abilities if her performance would have been unacceptable had she been a male? The thread of trust begins to unwind once a soldier question another’s abilities. That is why one uniform standard had been in place throughout history. A soldier knew that the every other soldier could perform tasks to the same standard that he had. They had a common trust that held the m together. Now, with gender norming, the double standards used to ensure women pass the physical tests, we put the trust that held our military together in jeopardy.

The concept of a polis

The polis was what they called the small, independent Greek city-states during the Classical period. It was a unique institution in that governance was not ruled by a monarchy as was usual with traditional states of the time, but a group of men who were either elected or chosen from among the nobility and later on, from among all free citizens. Membership was determined by birth although citizenship by naturalization was oftentimes admitted. Slaves, foreigners and women who live within the polis were not involved in government and not allowed to own land. In fact, slave labor was encouraged because they formed the backbone of the agricultural economy. The polis was usually bounded by walls and citadels and within was an agora or marketplace, the center of the city trade, and numerous temples. Most citizens live within but some members resided in the countryside. The modern-day equivalent of the polis would be any city in Western Europe or America. Like the classical polis, modern cities are political states, the citizens register with city hall or pays residential taxes, and there would be foreigners or residents coming from other places who would be subjected to the laws and regulations of the city. Its leaders are also elected or appointed. Unlike the polis, however, affiliation with a modern city is only political and not religious. Also, the hierarchies in modern cities are not ascribed by birth but by one's economic status. Most importantly, women and residents coming from other cities already have political rights and could even join in the government. There are open borders now instead of walled fortification between cities. Slavery has been banished and the basis of the economy has become as complex as the social structure of the city. Finally, although the city government can make its own ordinances and budget, the city itself is not dependent in that it is governed and part of a larger unit, the national government.

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